Academic research and bibliography
- MacKinnon, K. (2003). Representing men maleness and masculinity in the media. London: Arnold.
“Many
Western definitions of youth culture present young people in terms of what they
are not – they are not children, they are not adults, and they are not economic
or social contributors to the wider society”
In
reference to women to “reaffirms the standard of beauty” – this is most
prominent through the character of Carly, who arguably is used as an object of
affection.
“Youth
culture challenges and sustains larger cultural norms and shapes young people’s
identities”
- Malik, S. (2002). Representing black Britain a history of black and Asian images on British television. London: SAGE Publications.
“Today’s
youth come to understand and navigate their way through the world” – the boys
are seen as having more independence as they are now young adults. They have
more responsibility- such as pressure to do well in order to go university and
they have a lad’s holiday to mark their freedom.
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HTiM8g1Jnx0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=represent&f=false
- Ferguson, R. (1998). Representing "race": Ideology, identity, and the media. London: Arnold.
“Excessive drinking involves many dangers which are either ignored or downplayed by adolescents because the use of alcohol has a special meaning in the subculture of delinquency” – excessive drinking in shown in the movie, where they take a lad’s vacation to celebrate the fact they are going into university
“Adolescents
and young adults, particularly those of high school and college age, engage in
social situations which pressure participants to drink far more alcohol than
they would ever choose without that pressure.” This is evident from the scene
where Simon drinks too much and ends up puking on his crush’s little brother.
This creates awkwardness, yet comedy at the same time.
- Gauntlett, D. (2002). Media, gender, and identity: An introduction. London: Routledge.
“’Youth’, as Oscar Wilde, famously observed, is a ’wasted on the young,”
“Youth culture lives on, across generations, not simply in commercially exploitative revivals or in smart ‘post-modern’ references to a digital archive of pop culture, but in the daily choices and interactions that people make.”
- Altman, R. (1999). Film/genre. London: BFI Pub.
“Certain small number of characters”
.
“Choice of scenes is limited to your show’s standing sets and maybe one
or two swing sets or outside locations” – most of the filming takes place in a
high school, only in the movie there are multiple locations because they are on
vacation.- Lacey, N. (1998). Image and representation: Key concepts in media studies. New York: St. Martin's Press.
“Youth culture has been substituted for ‘working-class culture’ in the twenty-first century much of the language and perplexing nature of the modern alcohol problem would have been recognisable to reformers.” – drinking is part of youth culture, this theme is prominent through nearly every episode.
“Laddish culture” described through “sex, sport, fast cars” – the sex element is prominent for the youth
This generation of teenagers described as “having more freedom” and “appeared to have more money to spend” – this is evident as the boys have no restrictions and proves how youth culture in a modern day society allows teens to have more freedom.
- Lacey, N. (2000). Narrative and genre: Key concepts in media studies. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Difficult in sitcoms as they are too “excessive” to be “realistic” - males are seen as creating banter, feature of female characters, such as Carly as being too serious and temperamental.
“Sitcom narratives works by setting up oppositions and connections” – develops “compatibilities” and “incompatibilities”
“Audience pleasure partly derives from anticipation that these conflicts will be resolved satisfactorily”
“Facial expressions are important generic signs and narrative turning-points"
- Williams, K. (2003). Understanding media theory. London: Arnold
“Youth around the world – including Britain – favour urban African American influences” – this is most evident when Jay has an N.W.A poster in his room. This shows how British cultures are influenced by American culture.
- Taylor & Francis.(2004). An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture.
Youth describes as “signs of sings and transgression of modernity”
Behaviour described as “deviant” or “criminal”
“Culture of exploitation” – youth exposed for what they really get to. This relates to the majority of the target audience as they’d be faced with the same obstacles and complications/
- Strinati, D. (2014). An Introduction to Studying Popular Culture. Hoboken: Routledge, Taylor and Francis.
- Neale, S. (2000). Genre and Hollywood. London: Routledge.
- Neale, S. (2002). Genre and contemporary Hollywood. London: British Film Institute.
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